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Bio-ORACLE data

Download the raster layers by following the steps bellow.
Please cite the data as indicated.



  Period of layers [forecasting and transferability]


           
The layers for the future were developed under the new representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP):
The RCP26, a peak-and-decline scenario ending on very low greenhouse gas concentration levels by the end of the 21th century, the RCP45 and RCP60 where concentration levels stabilize, and the RCP85, a scenario of increasing emissions over time leading to high greenhouse concentration levels (Get to know the RCP).

           
The layers for the future were developed under the new representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP):
The RCP26, a peak-and-decline scenario ending on very low greenhouse gas concentration levels by the end of the 21th century, the RCP45 and RCP60 where concentration levels stabilize, and the RCP85, a scenario of increasing emissions over time leading to high greenhouse concentration levels (Get to know the RCP).

  Depth of layers [realm]


       
The benthic layers were produced with an interpolation process considering the geographic position and depth of cells, as inferred from a bathymetry layer. Since focal cells included a wide range of depth values, benthic layers are available for the minimum, average and maximum depths.

  Format of file(s)


  Bio-ORACLE version

  

See the release notes of version 2.1 and version 2.2

  Layers to download

Layer Unit Max Mean Min Lt. Max Lt. Min Range
Temperature ºC
Salinity PSS
Currents velocity m-1
Ice thickness m
Sea ice concentration Fraction
Nitrate mol.m-3
Phosphate mol.m-3
Silicate mol.m-3
Dissolved molecular oxygen mol.m-3
Iron umol.m-3
Chlorophyll mg.m-3
Phytoplankton umol.m-3
Primary productivity g.m-3.day-1
Light at bottom -
Calcite mol.m-3
pH -
Photosynt. Avail. Radiation E.m-2.day-1
Diffuse attenuation m-1
Cloud cover %



* Lt. for average of the minimum and maximum records per year (e.g., temperature of the warmest month, on average)

The data available in Bio-ORACLE are documented in two peer reviewed articles that you should cite:
Tyberghein L, Verbruggen H, Pauly K, Troupin C, Mineur F, De Clerck O (2012) Bio-ORACLE: A global environmental dataset for marine species distribution modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 272–281.
[access publication]   [supporting information]

Assis, J., Tyberghein, L., Bosh, S., Verbruggen, H., Serrão, E. A., & De Clerck, O. (2017). Bio-ORACLE v2.0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Global Ecology and Biogeography.
[access publication]   [supporting information]

Disclaimer : Bio-ORACLE is released under the GNU General Public License.

We have made all reasonable efforts to ensure the quality and accuracy of the material on this website. However, the dataset is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. The entire rist as to the quality and performance of the dataset is with you. We accept no liability for any loss or damage resulting directly or indirectly from the use of the material on this site.

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